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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

Epilepsy ll: Types

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...

Seizures: Classification

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

Trends in pediatric epilepsy surgery.

Ritesh Shah¹, Abhijit Botre, Vrajesh Udani

¹Department of Pediatric Neurology, New Civil Hospital, Surat, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics

|February 4, 2015

Summary

Pediatric epilepsy surgery is a viable treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy, offering good outcomes for many children. Early surgical intervention is recommended when cognitive development is impacted.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Neurology
Neurosurgery
Epileptology

Background:

Epilepsy surgery is an established treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy in children.
Its application has significantly increased in India over the past decade.
Early surgical intervention is crucial for children whose cognitive and behavioral development is compromised.

Purpose of the Study:

To review key aspects of pediatric epilepsy surgery for general pediatricians.
To highlight the importance of timely surgical evaluation and intervention.
To discuss advancements in pre-surgical evaluation and surgical techniques.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive pre-surgical evaluation including clinical assessment, EEG (inter-ictal, ictal, video-EEG), and advanced neuroimaging (MRI).

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Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study

Published on: August 15, 2025

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Last Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

Author Spotlight: Studying Clinical Characters and Epilepsy Outcomes After Frontal Disconnection in Patients with MOGHE

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Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study

Published on: August 15, 2025

Analysis of seizure semiology and electroencephalography (EEG) data.

Consideration of invasive EEG for discordant or non-lesional cases.

Palliative surgical options like corpus callosotomy and vagal nerve stimulation for generalized or multi-focal epilepsy.

Main Results:

Resective surgery offers good outcomes in approximately two-thirds of pediatric patients.
The procedure is associated with low rates of morbidity and mortality.
Advances in MRI have improved the identification of surgical candidates.

Conclusions:

Epilepsy surgery is a safe and effective treatment option for drug-resistant pediatric epilepsy.
A multidisciplinary pre-surgical evaluation is essential for optimal patient selection.
Preservation of eloquent cortical areas is a critical consideration during surgery.