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Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma

In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma

Published on: May 11, 2015

Retinal Microglia in Glaucoma.

Jia-Wei Wang¹, Shi-Da Chen, Xiu-Lan Zhang

¹*State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China †Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.

Journal of Glaucoma

|February 4, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Microglia, the immune cells of the retina, become activated in glaucoma and may harm retinal ganglion cells. Inhibiting this microglial activation shows promise for neuroprotection in glaucoma.

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In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Immunology
Ophthalmology

Background:

Microglia are the primary immunocompetent cells in the retina, acting as the central nervous system's resident immune cells.
Under physiological conditions, retinal microglia adopt a resting, dendritic-like surveillance state.
Upon injury or disease, microglia transform into an activated ameboid form, participating in cellular debris removal and apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current research on the role of microglia in glaucoma.
To summarize potential therapeutic strategies targeting microglia for glaucoma treatment.

Main Methods:

Literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases up to July 2014.
Keywords included 'retinal microglia,' 'glaucoma,' 'microglia activation,' and 'neuroprotection.'
Selected articles focused on microglia in animal models or human patients with glaucoma.

Main Results:

Microglia are involved in retinal ganglion cell loss and degeneration in glaucoma.
Activated microglia contribute to neuronal apoptosis in later stages of glaucoma.
Inhibition of microglial activation in optic nerve damage increased retinal ganglion cell survival, suggesting a neuroprotective effect.

Conclusions:

Activated microglia play a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
Targeting and inhibiting microglial activation presents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Microglia-targeted therapies may offer neuroprotection for various retinal and optic nerve diseases.