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Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1
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Chikungunya on the move.

Michael A Johansson1

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This summary is machine-generated.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) emerged in the Americas in late 2013. Rapid spread has led to over a million cases, indicating a sustained epidemic potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) represents a significant arboviral threat.
  • First autochthonous transmission in the Americas documented in December 2013.
  • Previously, CHIKV cases in the Americas were primarily travel-related.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the initial spread and epidemiological patterns of CHIKV in the Americas.
  • To assess the ongoing transmission dynamics and future outlook of the chikungunya epidemic.

Main Methods:

  • Surveillance data analysis of suspected and confirmed CHIKV cases.
  • Epidemiological trend assessment in the Americas.
  • Pattern analysis of CHIKV transmission.

Main Results:

  • Over one million suspected and confirmed CHIKV cases reported within one year of initial detection.
  • Rapid geographic dissemination across the Americas.
  • Evidence of ongoing and potentially expanding transmission, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere.

Conclusions:

  • CHIKV has established a significant epidemic in the Americas.
  • The chikungunya epidemic is projected to be long-term and widespread.
  • Continued surveillance and control efforts are critical.