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Altered retinoic acid signalling underpins dentition evolution.

Yann Gibert1, Eric Samarut2, Emmanuel Pasco-Viel2

  • 1Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia vincent.laudet@ens-lyon.fr.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|February 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Retinoic acid (RA) availability influences tooth number in Cyprinid fish. Subtle changes in RA signaling, particularly via the cyp26b1 enzyme, drive tooth evolution and diversification in fish.

Keywords:
cyprinidsdevelopmentevolutionretinoic acidtooth

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Fish biology

Background:

  • Phenotypic diversity and speciation are linked to signaling pathway variations.
  • Vertebrate teeth exhibit adaptive morphological structures prone to evolutionary change.
  • Cyprinid fish show significant diversity in tooth number, but underlying signals are unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the signals regulating tooth number diversity in Cyprinid fish.
  • To determine the role of retinoic acid (RA) availability in tooth number variation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing heterozygous zebrafish mutants for the RA-degrading enzyme cyp26b1.
  • Analyzing expression patterns of pharyngeal mesenchyme and dental epithelium markers in response to RA.
  • Comparing gene expression in RA-treated embryos and mutant zebrafish.

Main Results:

  • Heterozygous cyp26b1 mutant zebrafish exhibit an extra ventral tooth.
  • Retinoic acid (RA) treatment expands expression of mesenchyme markers (dlx2a, lhx6) laterally, anteriorly, and dorsally.
  • Dental epithelium markers (dlx2b, dlx3b) expression remains unchanged with RA treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Retinoic acid (RA) signaling availability is a key factor influencing tooth number and size in Cyprinids.
  • Modulations in RA pathway, specifically through rate-limiting enzymes like cyp26b1, actively contribute to tooth evolution in fish.
  • This study highlights the RA pathway's role in the diversification of dental structures in fish.