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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Using 22C3 Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Concentrate on Biopsy and Cytology Samples from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
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PD-L1 Negative Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Practice Patterns and Real-World Outcomes.

Audrey-Ann Bégin1, Maude Dubé-Pelletier1, Catherine Labbé1

  • 1Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.

Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.)
|March 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

For metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with low PD-L1, chemotherapy plus immunotherapy (CT + IO) showed similar survival to chemotherapy alone (CT). Real-world outcomes for CT + IO were comparable to clinical trials, with manageable side effects.

Keywords:
PD-L1 negativechemo-immunotherapyimmune checkpoint inhibitorsmetastatic non-small cell lung cancerreal-world evidence

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Medical Research
  • Clinical Outcomes

Background:

  • Standard first-line treatment for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with PD-L1 expression < 1% involves chemotherapy (CT) and immunotherapy (IO).
  • Real-world overall survival (OS) in this patient population appears less favorable than reported in clinical trials, typically ranging from 10 to 13 months.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate treatment patterns and real-world outcomes for advanced NSCLC patients with PD-L1 < 1% at a specific Quebec institution.
  • To compare progression-free survival (PFS) and OS between chemotherapy plus immunotherapy (CT + IO) and chemotherapy alone (CT) as first-line treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 217 patients diagnosed with advanced NSCLC (PD-L1 < 1%) between January 2019 and December 2023, treated with palliative intent.
  • Patients were categorized by first-line treatment: CT + IO, CT alone, targeted therapy, or supportive care.
  • Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression; adverse events were also recorded.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant difference in median PFS (5.3 vs. 4.7 months) or OS (14.4 vs. 13.5 months) was observed between the CT + IO and CT alone groups.
  • In the CT + IO group, treatment discontinuation was primarily due to disease progression (59.4%) or adverse events (36.2%).
  • Immune-related adverse events occurred in 29.3% of patients receiving CT + IO, with pneumonitis being the most frequent (8.5%).

Conclusions:

  • In this cohort, first-line CT + IO did not demonstrate a statistically significant survival advantage over CT alone for advanced NSCLC with PD-L1 < 1%.
  • The tolerability of CT + IO in this real-world setting was consistent with findings from clinical trials.
  • Study findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the non-randomized design, baseline group imbalances, and small sample size in the CT alone cohort.