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Related Concept Videos

Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

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Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
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The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the...
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Gustation is a chemical sense that, along with olfaction (smell), contributes to our perception of taste. It starts with the activation of receptors by chemical compounds (tastants) dissolved in the saliva. The saliva and filiform papillae on the tongue distribute the tastants and increase their exposure to the taste receptors.
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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Simultaneous Detection of c-Fos Activation from Mesolimbic and Mesocortical Dopamine Reward Sites Following Naive Sugar and Fat Ingestion in Rats
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Sweet taste receptor signaling network: possible implication for cognitive functioning.

Menizibeya O Welcome1, Nikos E Mastorakis2, Vladimir A Pereverzev3

  • 1World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society, Ag. Ioannou Theologou 17-23, Zografou, 15773 Athens, Greece.

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Summary

Sweet taste receptors, found throughout the body, may influence cognitive functions. Research suggests their role in metabolism and central nervous system regulation points to a link with brain activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Sweet taste receptors (T1R2/T1R3) are G protein-coupled receptors primarily known for mediating sweet taste perception.
  • Emerging evidence reveals the presence and novel functions of sweet taste receptors beyond the oral cavity, in various tissues and organs.
  • These receptors play roles in cellular metabolism, signaling, and intercellular communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential role of sweet taste receptor signaling in modulating cognitive functions.
  • To investigate the link between metabolic regulation, particularly glucose, in the central nervous system and sweet taste receptor activity.
  • To synthesize current understanding of sweet taste receptors' distribution and signaling in relation to cognitive processes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sweet taste receptor distribution, signaling pathways, and metabolic functions.
  • Analysis of studies linking metabolic regulation and central nervous system activity.
  • Hypothesis generation based on the pleiotropic signaling properties and multisubstrate ligand affinity of sweet taste receptors.

Main Results:

  • Sweet taste receptors are widely distributed in the body, with functions extending beyond taste perception.
  • These receptors exhibit pleiotropic signaling and can interact with other receptor systems.
  • Evidence suggests a role in absorption, metabolism, and potentially central nervous system regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Sweet taste receptor signaling is a potential modulator of cognitive functions.
  • The metabolic regulatory roles of these receptors, especially concerning glucose, are critical for central nervous system functioning.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms linking sweet taste receptors to cognition.