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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
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Sensory Memory01:14

Sensory Memory

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Sensory memory captures information from the environment in its original form for a very brief duration, just long enough to be exposed to visual, auditory, and other senses. This type of memory is detailed and rich but quickly lost unless certain strategies are employed to transfer it into short-term or long-term memory. Sensory information is continuously bombarding the human brain, yet only a small fraction is absorbed, as most of it does not significantly impact daily life. For instance,...
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System of Memory01:23

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Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
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Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

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Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

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Working memory training improves visual short-term memory capacity.

Hillary Schwarb1, Jayde Nail2, Eric H Schumacher2

  • 1Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. schwarb2@illinois.edu.

Psychological Research
|February 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Working memory training, specifically using the n-back task, improved visual short-term memory capacity. This enhancement suggests better inhibition of irrelevant information, benefiting untrained tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Human memory, particularly working memory, has limited capacity, influencing various cognitive tasks.
  • Individual differences in working memory capacity predict task performance.
  • Previous research on cognitive training to enhance working memory has yielded mixed results regarding transferability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of working memory training on visual short-term memory capacity.
  • To examine if training-induced improvements transfer to untrained visual tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using n-back training.
  • Evaluated global measures of visual short-term memory capacity.
  • Assessed independent sub-processes contributing to capacity, focusing on inhibition.

Main Results:

  • N-back training led to improvements in global visual short-term memory measures.
  • Specific sub-processes, including inhibition of irrelevant information, were enhanced.
  • Improvements were observed on untrained tasks, indicating transferability.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory training, particularly n-back, can enhance visual short-term memory capacity.
  • Improved inhibition is a key mechanism for training-related gains.
  • A modified adaptive training procedure may be beneficial for ensuring training variability.