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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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[Castration resistant prostate cancer 2015].

A S Merseburger1, A Böker1, M A Kuczyk1

  • 1Klinik für Urologie und Urologische Onkologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New treatments offer hope for advanced prostate cancer. Five novel agents have been approved for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), improving options beyond chemotherapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Uro-oncology
  • Medical oncology
  • Clinical pharmacology

Background:

  • Prostate cancer is a leading urological malignancy in elderly men.
  • Metastatic prostate cancer can stabilize with antiandrogen therapy but often progresses to castration-resistant disease.
  • Historically, docetaxel chemotherapy was the primary life-prolonging option for advanced stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
  • To discuss the approval status and efficacy of five new therapeutic agents.
  • To explore sequential treatment strategies and future molecular targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of randomized phase III clinical trial results.
  • Analysis of approval status for new mCRPC agents.
  • Discussion of sequential therapy and emerging molecular approaches.

Main Results:

  • Five new agents (Abiraterone, Enzalutamide, Cabazitaxel, Sipuleucel-T, radium-223) have been approved for mCRPC in the last five years.
  • These agents represent significant progress beyond traditional chemotherapy.
  • Evidence supports their efficacy in prolonging survival and managing disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • The treatment landscape for mCRPC has been revolutionized by new approvals.
  • Sequential administration of these agents offers improved therapeutic options.
  • Future research focuses on personalized molecular therapies for advanced prostate cancer.