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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
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Related Experiment Video

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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer
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Non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer.

Jun Wang1, Yong-Xi Song1, Zhen-Ning Wang1

  • 1Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China.

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|February 10, 2015
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Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play crucial roles in gastric cancer (GC) development and drug resistance. Understanding ncRNA functions offers potential new therapeutic targets for GC treatment.

Keywords:
Gastric cancerLong non-coding RNAMicroRNANon-coding RNASmall interfering RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in cellular processes like metabolism, development, and apoptosis.
  • The specific functions of most ncRNAs remain largely uncharacterized.
  • Aberrant regulation of ncRNAs has been observed in gastric cancer (GC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the roles of ncRNAs in gastric cancer.
  • To highlight the potential of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets for GC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating ncRNAs in GC.
  • Analysis of the relationship between ncRNAs and GC progression, drug resistance, and metastasis.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs are implicated in the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of GC.
  • ncRNAs are closely associated with drug resistance in GC.
  • Dysregulated ncRNAs present potential as novel therapeutic targets and treatment strategies for GC.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are significant players in gastric cancer biology.
  • Targeting ncRNAs may offer promising future therapeutic avenues for GC treatment.