[Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer]

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancers (NMIBC) represent a heterogeneous group as regards their biology and their seriousness. NMIBC management should be adapted to the acknowledged prognostic factors. First line treatment of NMIBC includes a transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB). Recurrence and progression risks following TURB are significantly high. Acknowledged factors are T stage, grade, number and size of tumors, recurrence modalities and associated carcinoma in situ. The benefit of adjuvant therapy using chemotherapy or BCG intravesical instillations has been demonstrated particularly on recurrence risk. Progression is very likely reduced by maintenance BCG. However, when high grade tumours do not respond to BCG, radical cystectomy is the mainstay treatment.