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Related Concept Videos

Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

2.1K
A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
2.1K
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

1.9K
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
1.9K
The Periodic Table03:25

The Periodic Table

140.6K
As early chemists discovered more elements, they realized that various elements could be grouped by their similar chemical behaviors. One such grouping includes lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). All of these elements are shiny, conduct heat and electricity well, and have similar chemical properties. A second grouping includes calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba), which also are shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and have chemical properties in common. However,...
140.6K
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

2.0K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
2.0K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

31.2K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
31.2K
Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

Periodic Classification of the Elements

67.8K
The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
67.8K

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Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
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Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride

Published on: July 8, 2021

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Superconductivity and the periodic table: from elements to materials.

Arndt Simon1

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany a.simon@fkf.mpg.de.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|February 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Superconductivity in metals requires both flat and steep electronic bands at the Fermi level. Strong coupling of these flat bands to the lattice, like via phonons, is sufficient for conventional superconductors.

Keywords:
carbide halidescarbidesmagnesium diboriderare earthstellurium

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon where a material exhibits zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature.
  • Understanding the electronic band structure is crucial for predicting and discovering new superconducting materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for superconductivity based on electronic band structure.
  • To identify key features in the electronic band structure that promote superconductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of normal-state electronic band structures.
  • Identification of simultaneous flat and steep bands at the Fermi level.
  • Evaluation of electron-lattice coupling, particularly phonon interactions.

Main Results:

  • A necessary condition for superconductivity is the presence of both flat and steep electronic bands at the Fermi level.
  • A strong coupling between flat band states and the lattice (e.g., via phonons) is a sufficient condition for conventional superconductivity.

Conclusions:

  • The electronic band structure, specifically the coexistence of flat and steep bands at the Fermi level, is a critical factor in achieving superconductivity.
  • Materials like Tellurium, rare earth metal compounds (RE2C3, REC2, RE2X2C2), and MgB2 exemplify these principles.