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Related Concept Videos

Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

2.1K
A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
2.1K
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

1.9K
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
1.9K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

31.2K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
31.2K
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

2.0K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
2.0K
Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

57.5K
Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
57.5K
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

14.9K
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
14.9K

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Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
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Superconductivity in transition metals.

Daniel R Slocombe1, Vladimir L Kuznetsov1, Wojciech Grochala2

  • 1Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|February 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Superconductivity in transition metals, especially first-row elements, is linked to d-shell electrons. This phenomenon arises from a balance between localized covalent bonding and d-electron delocalization, unifying various physical properties.

Keywords:
elementslattice instabilitiesperiodic tablesuperconductivitytransition metals

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon observed in certain materials when cooled below a critical temperature.
  • Transition metals exhibit a wide range of superconducting properties, influenced by their electronic structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To qualitatively describe superconductivity in transition metals, focusing on first-row elements.
  • To correlate Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory parameters with d-shell electron counts.
  • To unify the understanding of superconductivity and other physical properties of transition metals.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative analysis of existing data on superconductivity in transition metals.
  • Correlation of superconducting parameters with the number of d-shell electrons per atom.
  • Examination of the relationship between superconductivity, chemical bonding, and lattice stability.

Main Results:

  • Superconductivity in transition metals is strongly correlated with the number of d-shell electrons.
  • A balance between localized covalent bonding and d-electron delocalization (broken covalency) is crucial for superconductivity.
  • Lattice instability plays a role, influenced by the competition between different bonding types.

Conclusions:

  • The occurrence and magnitude of superconductivity in transition metals are systematically related to their electronic structure and chemical bonding.
  • Short-range chemical bonding significantly influences superconductivity in elements.
  • A unified framework relating superconductivity, lattice stability, and other physical properties of transition metals is established.