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Plant Hormones

Plant Hormones

Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.

Plant Hormones

Plant Hormones

Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata

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During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.

Meristems and Plant Growth

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Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.

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Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.

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A Strategy to Validate the Role of Callose-mediated Plasmodesmal Gating in the Tropic Response

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Published on: April 17, 2016

Auxin activity: Past, present, and future.

Tara A Enders¹, Lucia C Strader¹

¹Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 USA.

American Journal of Botany

|February 11, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Plant hormone auxin regulates growth, with research advancing from early hypotheses to modern molecular insights. Future research will continue to uncover auxin's complex roles in plant biology.

Keywords:

auxin auxin history metabolism signaling transport

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Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

The phytohormone auxin's role in plant growth was hypothesized in the late 1800s.
Early research by Darwin, Boysen-Jensen, and Paál contributed to the Cholodny-Went hypothesis on tropisms.
The identification of auxin followed extensive efforts to understand plant growth regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advances in auxin research over the past century.
To explore the modern molecular understanding of auxin's biosynthesis, transport, and perception.
To discuss outstanding questions and future directions in the field of auxin biology.

Main Methods:

Review of historical scientific literature, including seminal papers.
Synthesis of modern molecular findings on auxin.
Discussion of current knowledge gaps and future research avenues.

Main Results:

Historical context tracing auxin's discovery and early hypotheses.
Overview of current molecular mechanisms of auxin biosynthesis, transport, and perception.
Identification of key areas for future auxin research.

Conclusions:

Understanding auxin has evolved significantly over the past century.
Continued collective research efforts are crucial for future breakthroughs in auxin biology.
The field anticipates exciting advances in the next 100 years of auxin research.