The diagnostic and therapeutic challenge of nonepileptic seizures: An interdisciplinary approach

Nonepileptic seizures were recognized in antiquity, but their diagnosis continues to be challenging in the present day. The diagnosis of seizures as nonepileptic has been based on associated physical conditions, social factors, laboratory findings, or psychological test findings. Pitfalls remain in the use of electroencephalography. We present several case studies of representative etiologies that demonstrate the value and the need for an interdisciplinary approach focusing on the individual, in the present, in all current dimensions, with careful consideration of seizure phenomena, physical explanations for symptoms, and psychodynamic profile in order to make the diagnosis and formulate successful treatment. This interdisciplinary approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of nonepileptic seizures and, more often, leads to successful outcome.