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Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However,...
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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
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[Muscle-invasive bladder cancer].

Pourya Pashootan, Guillaume Legrand, Guillaume Ploussard

    La Revue Du Praticien
    |February 12, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Muscle invasive bladder cancer, diagnosed via histology, requires staging with CT scans. Treatment options range from surgery and chemotherapy to chemoradiotherapy for eligible patients.

    Area of Science:

    • Uro-oncology
    • Medical oncology
    • Surgical oncology

    Context:

    • Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) accounts for 20-30% of bladder tumors.
    • 10% of MIBC cases present with metastasis at diagnosis.
    • Diagnosis relies on histological analysis of transurethral resection specimens.

    Purpose:

    • To outline the diagnostic and staging procedures for MIBC.
    • To detail the standard and alternative treatment modalities for localized and metastatic MIBC.

    Summary:

    • MIBC diagnosis involves histological analysis and staging via thoraco-abdominopelvic CT.
    • Localized MIBC treatment includes cystoprostatectomy or anterior pelvic exenteration with urinary diversion options (ileal conduit or neobladder).
    • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, concomitant chemoradiotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy are used for advanced or metastatic disease.

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    Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview of MIBC management strategies.
    • Highlights the importance of accurate staging for treatment selection.
    • Informs clinical decision-making for bladder cancer patients.