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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

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The AFM Probe
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Kelvin probe force microscopy in liquid using electrochemical force microscopy.

Liam Collins1, Stephen Jesse2, Jason I Kilpatrick3

  • 1School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland ; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.

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|February 12, 2015
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Summary

Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) struggles with liquids, but electrochemical force microscopy (EcFM) successfully measures electrostatic and electrochemical properties in both ionic and non-ionic liquids.

Keywords:
Kelvin probe force microscopydiffuse charge dynamicsdouble layer chargingelectrochemical force microscopyelectrochemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Scanning Probe Microscopy

Background:

  • Conventional Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is limited to solid-gas interfaces.
  • Probing solid-liquid interfaces is crucial for energy storage and biological applications.
  • KPFM's reliance on linear dielectrics is violated in ionically active liquids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Extend electrostatic and electrochemical measurements to solid-liquid interfaces.
  • Develop a method to overcome KPFM limitations in ionically active liquids.
  • Investigate dynamic contact potential difference (CPD) and charge screening in liquids.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electrochemical force microscopy (EcFM), a multidimensional spectroscopy technique.
  • Performed measurements in both ionically active (isopropanol, water, NaCl) and inactive (decane) liquids.
  • Compared EcFM with KPFM in non-polar liquids and ambient conditions.

Main Results:

  • EcFM successfully measured dynamic CPD in ionically active liquids where KPFM failed.
  • EcFM provided insights into charge screening, ion diffusion, and electrochemical reactions.
  • Sample- and solvent-dependent features were observed in EcFM measurements.
  • Developed a statistical approach for visualizing high-dimensional EcFM data for material property mapping.

Conclusions:

  • EcFM is a versatile technique for electrostatic and electrochemical analysis at solid-liquid interfaces.
  • EcFM overcomes KPFM limitations in ionically active media.
  • EcFM enables qualitative mapping of material properties at the solid-liquid interface without prior physical models.