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Coronary artery disease in patients with HIV infection

Amish A Patel1, Matthew J Budoff

  • 1Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, 1124 W Carson St, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.

American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs : Drugs, Devices, and Other Interventions
|February 13, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases the risk of early coronary artery disease due to chronic inflammation and antiretroviral therapy. Early detection and prevention strategies are crucial for managing cardiovascular risk in these patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is now a chronic condition due to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART).
  • HIV-infected individuals face an elevated risk of premature coronary artery disease (CAD).
  • This increased cardiovascular risk is attributed to traditional risk factors, ART, and persistent chronic inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive literature review on the relationship between HIV infection and atherosclerosis.
  • To highlight the emerging concern of premature cardiovascular disease in the HIV-positive population.
  • To emphasize the need for early detection and aggressive prevention strategies for cardiovascular risk in HIV patients.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing medical literature.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on HIV, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Synthesis of data regarding the impact of ART and chronic inflammation on cardiovascular health in HIV patients.

Main Results:

  • HIV infection accelerates the development of atherosclerosis and plaque progression.
  • Long-term use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) contributes to cardiovascular risk.
  • Chronic inflammation associated with HIV infection plays a significant role in premature CAD.

Conclusions:

  • HIV-infected patients are at high risk for premature coronary artery disease.
  • Early identification of subclinical atherosclerosis is essential in this population.
  • Multidisciplinary teams must implement aggressive primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention strategies for HIV patients.

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