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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

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Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
1
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

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Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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[Epilepsy in the elderly].

Naoki Akamatsu1, Akihiro Tanaka, Mitsuhiko Yamano

  • 1Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, School of Medical Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare.

Rinsho Shinkeigaku = Clinical Neurology
|February 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Epilepsy affects 11.2% of elderly hospitalized patients in Japan. Most cases involved complex partial seizures, with good response to antiepileptic drugs, indicating lower epileptogenicity in this age group.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics
  • Epidemiology

Context:

  • The elderly population is rapidly growing worldwide.
  • Epilepsy in older adults presents unique challenges and health concerns.
  • Previous research on late-onset epilepsy prevalence is limited.

Purpose:

  • To determine the prevalence of epilepsy in elderly hospitalized patients in Fukuoka, Japan.
  • To characterize epilepsy in patients aged 65 years and older.
  • To investigate the types of seizures, diagnoses, and treatment responses in this demographic.

Summary:

  • A study of 743 hospitalized elderly patients in Fukuoka, Japan, found an epilepsy prevalence of 11.2%.
  • Complex partial seizures without secondary generalization were most common, with temporal lobe epilepsy being the frequent diagnosis.
  • Cerebrovascular disease was a significant etiological factor, and 66.7% showed focal epileptiform discharges on EEG.
  • Elderly patients demonstrated relatively low epileptogenicity and responded well to antiepileptic monotherapy, with 52 patients seizure-free for over a year.

Impact:

  • This study highlights the significant prevalence of epilepsy in the elderly, underscoring its importance as a health issue.
  • Findings provide valuable insights into the clinical characteristics and management of late-onset epilepsy.
  • Results suggest that epilepsy in the elderly may be manageable with appropriate antiepileptic treatment.