Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

12.1K
The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
12.1K
Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

6.3K
Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
6.3K
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

9.3K
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
9.3K
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

14.7K
The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
14.7K
Overview of the Axial Skeleton01:09

Overview of the Axial Skeleton

14.1K
The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body. It includes all of the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head, neck, and back and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip joints to move their corresponding limbs.
The axial skeleton of the...
14.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effect of thoracic cage width on surgery time and postoperative outcome in minimally invasive esophagectomy.

Surgical endoscopy·2023
Same author

Late Gadolinium Enhancement Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: From Basic Concepts to Emerging Methods.

RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin·2022
Same author

Cardiac MR enables diagnosis in 90% of patients with acute chest pain, elevated biomarkers and unobstructed coronary arteries.

The British journal of radiology·2015
Same author

[Consensus recommendations of the German Radiology Society (DRG), the German Cardiac Society (DGK) and the German Society for Pediatric Cardiology (DGPK) on the use of cardiac imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging].

RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin·2012
Same author

Tako-Tsubo syndrome: dying of a broken heart?

Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society·2010
Same author

Area at risk and viability after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion can be determined by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

European surgical research. Europaische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales europeennes·2009
Same journal

[Modern mid-field magnetic resonance imaging in private practice : Field report].

Der Radiologe·2022
Same journal

[Incidental and leave me alone findings of abdominal organs-part 2 : Spleen, kidneys and adrenal glands and efferent urinary tracts].

Der Radiologe·2022
Same journal

[Imaging of the musculoskeletal system using low-field magnetic resonance imaging].

Der Radiologe·2022
Same journal

[Imaging of the lung using low-field magnetic resonance imaging].

Der Radiologe·2022
Same journal

[Incidental and "leave me alone" findings of abdominal organs-part 1 : Liver, gall ducts and pancreas].

Der Radiologe·2022
Same journal

[Economic aspects of low-field magnetic resonance imaging : Acquisition, installation, and maintenance costs of 0.55 T systems].

Der Radiologe·2022
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
06:09

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

4.0K

[Systematics of shoulder instability].

K-F Kreitner1, A Mähringer-Kunz

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland, karl-friedrich.kreitner@unimedizin-mainz.de.

Der Radiologe
|February 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Shoulder instability involves abnormal humeral head movement. Diagnosis relies on imaging, with MR arthrography preferred for detailed labral-ligamentous and bony injury assessment in young patients.

More Related Videos

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
09:14

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

Published on: October 28, 2022

2.0K
Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
10:07

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Published on: February 10, 2015

20.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
06:09

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

4.0K
A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
09:14

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

Published on: October 28, 2022

2.0K
Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
10:07

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Published on: February 10, 2015

20.2K

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Shoulder instability is symptomatic abnormal motion of the humeral head relative to the glenoid.
  • Pathogenesis classification (traumatic, atraumatic, multidirectional, microtraumatic) guides treatment.
  • Diagnostic imaging is crucial for identifying injury patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the classification and diagnostic imaging modalities for shoulder instability.
  • To emphasize the role of advanced imaging in delineating injury patterns.
  • To highlight preferred imaging techniques for specific patient populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic approaches for shoulder instability.
  • Discussion of plain radiography, MR arthrography, and CT arthrography.
  • Emphasis on magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography for labral-ligamentous and bony structures.

Main Results:

  • Plain radiographs confirm dislocation and reduction.
  • Direct MR arthrography is key for detailing labral-ligamentous and bony injuries.
  • CT arthrography is an alternative, but MR is preferred for younger patients.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate classification of shoulder instability is essential for treatment planning.
  • MR arthrography offers superior delineation of soft tissue and bony injuries.
  • Imaging choice should consider patient age and suspected pathology.