How to perform safe anesthesia in patients with end-stage renal disease

Vascular surgical patients and especially those with end-stage renal disease are exposed to a high risk of preventable adverse events. Typically, a combination of organizational and technical deficiencies, human error or ineptitude and patient comorbidity leads to inadvertently poor outcome. Patient safety in perioperative environments requires permanent effort in organizational improvement, staff training, and maintenance of high standards in patient care and technical equipment. Even in multimorbid patients, anesthesia for vascular access surgery can be performed at low to moderate risk if safety problems are minimized.