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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Long noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases.

Shizuka Uchida1, Stefanie Dimmeler2

  • 1From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (S.U., S.D.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner side Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (S.U., S.D.).

Circulation Research
|February 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in cardiovascular health and disease. This review highlights key lncRNAs involved in heart and vascular conditions, offering insights into their regulatory functions.

Keywords:
RNA, long noncodingangiogenesis effectatherosclerosisheart failurehypertrophy

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Noncoding RNAs, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are critical regulators of cellular processes.
  • lncRNAs are >200 nucleotides long and influence gene expression and signaling pathways.
  • Cardiovascular homeostasis and disease involve complex regulatory mechanisms influenced by noncoding RNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize current knowledge on lncRNA expression in cardiovascular systems.
  • To highlight specific lncRNAs implicated in cardiovascular diseases.
  • To provide insights into the functional roles of lncRNAs in cardiovascular pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on lncRNA expression in mouse and human cardiovascular systems.
  • Analysis of identified lncRNAs in conditions such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, and vascular dysfunction.
  • Synthesis of data on lncRNA regulation of cardiomyocyte and smooth muscle cell functions.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are expressed in both normal and diseased cardiovascular tissues.
  • Specific lncRNAs (e.g., Novlnc6, Mhrt, MALAT1, Tie-1-AS) are associated with myocardial infarction, heart failure, and vascular regulation.
  • lncRNAs influence cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, mitochondrial function, and smooth muscle cell phenotype.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs represent a significant class of molecules involved in cardiovascular regulation and disease.
  • Further research into lncRNAs may uncover novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases.
  • Understanding lncRNA functions is crucial for advancing cardiovascular medicine.