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Foetal programming by maternal thyroid disease.

Stine Linding Andersen1,2,3, Jørn Olsen4, Peter Laurberg1,3

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.

Clinical Endocrinology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal thyroid disease during pregnancy may alter foetal brain development, increasing the risk of neurologic and psychiatric conditions in children. This review explores foetal programming by maternal thyroid dysfunction.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Foetal programming links early-life exposures to later disease development.
  • Thyroid disorders are prevalent in women of reproductive age.
  • Thyroid hormones are critical for foetal brain development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept of foetal programming by maternal thyroid disease.
  • To discuss the potential impact of maternal thyroid dysfunction on foetal brain development.
  • To highlight the association between maternal thyroid dysfunction and offspring neurodevelopmental and psychiatric risks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on maternal thyroid disease and offspring neurodevelopment.
  • Analysis of the role of thyroid hormones in foetal brain development.
  • Examination of observational data linking maternal thyroid dysfunction to specific childhood disorders.

Main Results:

  • Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of seizure disorders in offspring.
  • Children born to mothers with thyroid dysfunction show a higher incidence of autism spectrum disorders.
  • Increased risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders and psychiatric conditions in adolescence and young adulthood is observed.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal thyroid disease may induce foetal programming, affecting brain development.
  • Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy can predispose offspring to neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of foetal programming by thyroid hormones.