Novel trophic cascades: apex predators enable coexistence

Area of Science:

• Ecology
• Conservation Biology
• Invasive Species Management

Background:

• Novel ecosystems with mixed native and introduced species are increasingly common globally.
• Some introduced species cause extinctions, necessitating control efforts.
• Understanding the ecological role of introduced species is crucial for biodiversity conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the role of trophic cascade theory in explaining the impact of introduced species.
• To investigate how large predators influence native and introduced species dynamics.
• To identify factors promoting stable coexistence and net benefits from introduced species.

Main Methods:

• The study proposes a theoretical framework based on trophic cascade theory.
• It examines the top-down regulatory effects of large predators on prey and mesopredator populations.
• Analysis considers both native and introduced species within these regulated ecosystems.

Main Results:

• Large predators can limit irruptive populations of both native and introduced prey and mesopredators.
• These top-down forces significantly influence ecosystem processes.
• Such regulation by predators can enhance overall biodiversity.

Conclusions:

• Trophic cascade theory provides valuable insights into the ecological impact of introduced species.
• Many species, irrespective of origin, can be beneficial in top-down regulated ecosystems.
• Conservation strategies should consider the role of predators in maintaining biodiversity with introduced species.