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Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty

Published on: July 24, 2013

Measuring frailty using self-report and test-based health measures.

O Theou¹, M D L O'Connell², B L King-Kallimanis²

¹Dalhousie University, Geriatric Medicine, Veterans' Memorial Building, 5955 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H2E1, Canada.

|February 18, 2015

Summary

Frailty assessment is similar whether using self-reported or test-based health measures. Combining both provides the strongest prediction for adverse outcomes, indicating a comprehensive approach to frailty is best.

Keywords:

frailty frailty index older people self-reported health measures test-based health measures

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Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty

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Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

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Published on: October 6, 2016

Area of Science:

Gerontology
Public Health
Biostatistics

Background:

Frailty indices traditionally rely on subjective health measures, potentially impacting findings due to reporting errors.
Objective assessment is crucial for robust frailty research.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare frailty assessment using solely self-reported versus test-based health measures.
To determine the optimal construction of frailty indices.

Main Methods:

Secondary analysis of The Irish LongituDinal study on Ageing (TILDA) data.
Inclusion of 4,961 Irish residents aged over 50.
Construction of three frailty indices: self-reported (SRFI), test-based (TBFI), and combined (CFI).
Examination of 2-year follow-up outcomes including mortality, disability, hospitalization, and falls.

Main Results:

All frailty indices exhibited similar distributions and relationships with age and adverse outcomes.
Frailty levels were lower with self-reported measures (SRFI: 0.12 ± 0.09) compared to test-based (TBFI: 0.17 ± 0.15).
The combined index (CFI: 0.14 ± 0.13) showed the strongest prediction for adverse outcomes (ROC: 0.64-0.81).
Age was not a significant predictor when included in the regression model with CFI.

Conclusions:

Frailty characteristics are consistent regardless of whether self-reported or test-based measures are used.
Combining both self-reported and test-based measures is recommended for accurate frailty identification.
The combined frailty index (CFI) offers superior predictive power for adverse health outcomes.