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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Hepatic Portal System01:21

Hepatic Portal System

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The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

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Hepatitis C.

Daniel P Webster1, Paul Klenerman2, Geoffrey M Dusheiko3

  • 1Department of Virology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|February 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health issue. New direct-acting antiviral drugs offer improved, shorter oral treatments for HCV, surpassing older interferon therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses a significant global health burden, leading to severe liver conditions like cirrhosis and cancer.
  • HCV/HIV co-infection presents greater challenges with poorer patient outcomes.
  • Current standard treatment with interferon and ribavirin has limited efficacy (around 50% sustained virological response) and significant side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements in understanding HCV virology.
  • To highlight the development and impact of new direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs.
  • To discuss the evolving treatment landscape for Hepatitis C.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on HCV virology and treatment advancements.
  • Analysis of the efficacy and tolerability of novel direct-acting antiviral therapies.
  • Comparison of DAA regimens with historical interferon-based treatments.

Main Results:

  • Advances in HCV cell culture have spurred the development of direct-acting antiviral drugs targeting viral replication.
  • DAAs enable simplified, shorter, and oral treatment regimens for HCV.
  • New treatments demonstrate increased efficacy and better tolerability compared to interferon and ribavirin.

Conclusions:

  • Direct-acting antivirals represent a major therapeutic advance for Hepatitis C virus infection.
  • Improved treatment options offer greater hope for managing and potentially curing HCV.
  • Challenges remain in ensuring equitable access to care and developing a preventative vaccine.