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Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

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Prison brain? Executive dysfunction in prisoners.

Jesse Meijers¹, Joke M Harte², Frank A Jonker¹

¹Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Psychology

|February 18, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding brain function, particularly executive functions, in prisoners may reduce crime. Executive dysfunction is linked to reoffending, highlighting the need for more research into cognitive impairments in the prison population.

Keywords:

executive functions impoverished environment mini-review offenders prison recidivism

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Criminology
Psychology

Background:

Executive functions are critical for self-regulation and preventing criminal behavior.
Executive dysfunction is associated with higher rates of recidivism (reoffending).
A deeper understanding of cognitive processes in prisoners could inform interventions to reduce crime.

Purpose of the Study:

To review existing studies on executive functions in adult prisoners compared to non-offenders.
To identify specific executive function deficits within the general prison population and subgroups.
To highlight the implications of these findings and suggest future research directions.

Main Methods:

A systematic review of scientific literature was conducted.
Studies comparing executive functions in adult prisoners and non-offender control groups were identified.
Seven relevant studies were included in the review.

Main Results:

The general prison population showed impairments in attention and set-shifting.
Violent offenders exhibited deficits in set-shifting and working memory.
Non-violent offenders demonstrated impairments in inhibition, working memory, and problem-solving.

Conclusions:

There is a notable lack of research on executive functions within the prison population, despite its societal impact.
Specific executive function deficits are evident in prisoners, varying between violent and non-violent subgroups.
Further longitudinal research is recommended to track executive functioning in detainees and control groups over time.