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The two faces of miR-29.

Anna Ślusarz1, Lakshmi Pulakat

  • 1aDepartment of Medicine bDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Missouri cHarry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital dDepartment of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.

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MicroRNAs, particularly the miR-29 family, link diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Upregulated miR-29 worsens diabetes and CVD, but its role in cancer treatment requires careful evaluation for cardiovascular toxicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer.
  • A long latent period in diabetes allows for tissue damage, with microRNAs implicated in CVD.
  • Understanding microRNAs connecting diabetes and CVD is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review microRNAs involved in the progression of diabetes mellitus and CVD.
  • To focus on the miR-29 family and its role in hyperglycemia, inflammation, and disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on microRNAs in diabetes and CVD.
  • Analysis of miR-29 family's expression and function in relation to hyperglycemia and inflammation.
  • Examination of miR-29's impact on pancreatic beta cells, cardiovascular tissues, and cancer.

Main Results:

  • miR-29 family expression is upregulated by hyperglycemia and proinflammatory cytokines.
  • Upregulated miR-29 contributes to pancreatic beta cell loss and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  • miR-29-mediated suppression of MCL-1 is linked to Marfan's syndrome, aortic aneurysm, and diabetic cardiomyopathy; however, miR-29 mimics are explored as tumor suppressors.

Conclusions:

  • The role of increased miR-29 levels in comorbidities with insulin resistance needs investigation.
  • Understanding miR-29's mechanisms is vital given the interconnections between diabetes, CVD, and cancer.
  • Cardiovascular toxicity must be evaluated for treatments involving increased miR-29 levels.