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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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DNA Microarrays02:34

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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Human Genetics01:28

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Genetic Material01:20

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Within the human body, a complex and detailed system of trillions of cells works in unison to sustain life. Each cell houses a nucleus, which contains 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs. Chromosomes are highly coiled structures made of the genetic material DNA. These chromosomes are essential carriers of genetic information, with half inherited from the mother through her egg and the other half from the father's sperm, combining to create the unique genetic makeup of an individual.
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The Genome 10K Project: a way forward.

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The Genome 10K Project aims to sequence 10,000 vertebrate genomes. By mid-2014, progress increased tenfold, with 277 species initiated, highlighting achievements and challenges toward this ambitious goal.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The Genome 10K Project, initiated in 2009, aims to sequence 10,000 vertebrate genomes.
  • The project involves a consortium of biologists and genome scientists.
  • The goal is to facilitate comprehensive genome sequencing and analysis for a vast number of vertebrate species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize advances and commitments in the Genome 10K Project by mid-2014.
  • To outline achievements and challenges in reaching the 10,000-species sequencing goal.
  • To recommend standards for defining a sequenced or completed genome and present the future vision of Genome 10K.

Main Methods:

  • Review of progress and funding status of vertebrate genome projects.
  • Development of standards for genome sequencing and completion.
  • Consortium-based collaborative efforts and community engagement.

Main Results:

  • Significant increase in initiated species from ~26 to 277 within five years (by mid-2014).
  • Demonstrated progress towards the ambitious goal of sequencing 10,000 vertebrate genomes.
  • Identification of key achievements and ongoing challenges.

Conclusions:

  • The Genome 10K Project has made substantial progress, showing a tenfold increase in species initiated.
  • Despite challenges, the consortium and global genomics community are advancing towards empowering future generations with extensive vertebrate genome data.
  • Standardization and a clear vision are crucial for achieving the 10,000-genome goal.