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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

84.4K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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27.8K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

7.8K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
7.8K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

2.3K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
2.3K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

11.5K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
13:03

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2016

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Transcription factor binding dynamics during human ES cell differentiation.

Alexander M Tsankov1, Hongcang Gu2, Veronika Akopian3

  • 11] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Nature
|February 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers analyzed transcription factor binding and epigenome data during human embryonic stem cell differentiation. They discovered context-dependent rewiring of DNA methylation and transcription factor binding crucial for cell fate determination.

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Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
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Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are essential models for studying mammalian development.
  • Understanding cell fate changes requires dissecting molecular dynamics during differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate genome-wide transcription factor binding data with epigenome and transcriptional data.
  • To analyze human embryonic stem cell differentiation into three germ layers.
  • To reveal core regulatory dynamics and lineage-specific transcription factor behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Integrative analysis of genome-wide binding data for 38 transcription factors.
  • Comprehensive epigenome and transcriptional profiling.
  • Studying human embryonic stem cell differentiation into ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Main Results:

  • Identified core regulatory dynamics governing germ layer specification.
  • Demonstrated lineage-specific binding patterns for key transcription factors.
  • Observed transcription factor binding associated with differential DNA methylation across germ layers.
  • Found context-dependent rewiring of transcription factor binding and epigenome modifications.

Conclusions:

  • Transcription factor binding and epigenome remodeling are dynamically regulated during human embryonic stem cell differentiation.
  • DNA methylation changes are linked to transcription factor binding and germ layer specification.
  • This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of cell fate determination.