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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Circulation01:21

Coronary Circulation

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The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...
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Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Coronary Artery Disease V: Interprofessional Care01:27

Coronary Artery Disease V: Interprofessional Care

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Interprofessional care for coronary artery disease includes pharmacological therapy and revascularization procedures.Pharmacological therapy for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve patient outcomes through various classes of medications:Antiplatelet Agents:Aspirin and Clopidogrel: These medications inhibit platelet aggregation, preventing blood clots, which is crucial for avoiding heart attacks and strokes. Doctors often prescribe these...
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique
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Coronary artery fistulas.

S A M Said, A A H J Thiadens, M J C H Fieren

    Netherlands Heart Journal : Monthly Journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation
    |February 20, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Congenital coronary artery fistulas (CAVFs) arise from abnormal connections between coronary arteries and heart chambers or vessels. Diagnosis relies on coronary angiography, with treatments ranging from medication to surgery.

    Keywords:
    aetiologyangiographic morphologyclinical picturecongenital and acquiredcoronary artery fistulatreatment

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Congenital Heart Disease

    Background:

    • Congenital coronary artery fistulas (CAVFs) present a complex etiology, with coronary arteries abnormally terminating into cardiac chambers or great vessels.
    • The morphological presentation of CAVFs on angiography varies widely, from discrete channels to intricate vascular networks.

    Approach:

    • Coronary angiography (CAG) is the gold standard for diagnosing CAVFs, detailing their anatomy and pathways.
    • Clinical presentation of CAVFs is highly variable, lacking specific signs or symptoms.

    Key Points:

    • Symptomatic CAVFs can manifest with diverse clinical features, including angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death.
    • CAVFs can also be incidentally discovered during diagnostic CAG procedures.

    Conclusions:

    • Therapeutic strategies for CAVFs are tailored to individual clinical presentations.
    • Treatment options encompass conservative pharmacological management, percutaneous transluminal embolization, and surgical ligation.