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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

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The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles,...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

8.4K
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane01:45

Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

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Tail-anchored, or TA, proteins are estimated to make up to 3-5% of membrane proteins found in the eukaryotic cell. Such proteins have a single transmembrane domain located approximately 30 amino acid residues upstream from the C-terminal end. As a result, the signal recognition particle (SRP) cannot guide a TA protein to the ER membrane for cotranslational insertion. Hence, they are integrated into the ER membrane post-translationally using their C-terminal end as the anchor. TA proteins...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Validation of a Mouse Model to Disrupt LINC Complexes in a Cell-specific Manner
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Validation of a Mouse Model to Disrupt LINC Complexes in a Cell-specific Manner

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[NESPRINS--nuclear envelope proteins ensuring integrity].

E G Pershina, K N Morozova, E V Kiseleva

    Tsitologiia
    |February 21, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nesprins (nuclear envelope spectrin-repeat proteins) are key nuclear envelope proteins crucial for cellular structure and inter-compartment communication. Mutations in these proteins are linked to various human diseases, highlighting their importance in cell biology.

    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics

    Context:

    • Nesprins are a recently identified family of nuclear envelope proteins.
    • They play a critical role in maintaining cellular architecture.
    • Nesprins link the nucleus to other subcellular compartments.

    Purpose:

    • To review the structural organization and cellular functions of nesprins.
    • To summarize recent findings on nesprin isoforms and their interactions.
    • To describe human diseases associated with abnormal nesprin expression.

    Summary:

    • Nesprins, comprising multiple tissue-specific isoforms with spectrin repeats, interact with nuclear membrane proteins, the cytoskeleton, and the intranuclear matrix.
    • These interactions are vital for maintaining cellular integrity and communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

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  • Mutations in nesprins are implicated in a range of tissue-specific disorders, including lipodystrophies, hearing loss, and various myopathies.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding nesprin structure and function provides insights into cellular architecture and nuclear envelope organization.
    • Identifying disease-associated mutations advances the diagnosis and potential therapeutic strategies for nesprin-related disorders.
    • This review consolidates current knowledge, guiding future research into nesprin biology and pathology.