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The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
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Ribs are curved, flattened bones forming the thoracic cavity wall with the thoracic muscles. There are 12 pairs of thoracic ribs. The posterior ends of all the ribs articulate with the T1–T12 thoracic vertebrae. In contrast,the anterior ends of most ribs attach to the sternum via their costal cartilages.
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The thorax muscles are central to the body's respiration and provide essential support and movement for the upper body. They are intricately designed to facilitate the complex breathing process while also contributing to the structural integrity and mobility of the chest and upper limbs.
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The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body. It includes all of the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head, neck, and back and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip joints to move their corresponding limbs.
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The connective tissues play a significant role in arranging the muscle fibers into a hierarchical structure that forms a complete muscle. Consider a muscle like the bicep brachii, commonly called the bicep. This muscle comprises thousands of muscle fibers enclosed by a protective layer of connective tissue called the endomysium. The endomysium is primarily composed of reticular fibers, a type of thin collagen fiber. It allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products at the fiber level,...
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The skeletal system is the central framework of the body, consisting of different connective tissues: bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

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Core curriculum illustration: scapulothoracic disassociation.

Nupur Verma1, Ken F Linnau

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359728, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA, nverma@uw.edu.

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Summary

This series highlights emergency radiology cases from the American Society of Emergency Radiology (ASER) online educational resources. Explore these cases to enhance your diagnostic skills and knowledge in emergency imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Education

Background:

  • The American Society of Emergency Radiology (ASER) provides online educational resources.
  • A series highlights cases from this resource to promote engagement.

Observation:

  • This is the 14th case presented in the series.
  • Cases are drawn from a bank of online materials.

Findings:

  • Each installment focuses on a single case study.
  • The goal is to increase utilization of online educational materials.

Implications:

  • Enhances learning for radiologists and healthcare professionals.
  • Promotes the use of ASER's comprehensive online curriculum.