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Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty
Published on: January 28, 2020
Consolidated and emerging inflammatory markers in coronary artery disease
Valter Lubrano1, Silvana Balzan1
1Valter Lubrano, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Insights
Emerging inflammatory biomarkers aid in assessing coronary artery disease (CAD) risk and plaque stability. These markers, including novel ones like lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1, improve cardiovascular risk prediction beyond traditional factors.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Biochemistry
- Inflammation Research
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) involves chronic vascular inflammation, with traditional risk factors often insufficient for accurate cardiovascular risk assessment.
- Numerous biomarkers, including C-reactive protein, cytokines, and adhesion molecules, have been linked to adverse cardiovascular prognosis.
- Recent research highlights the association between inflammatory biomarkers and cardiovascular diseases, suggesting their potential in risk stratification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the utility of emerging inflammatory biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD).
- To investigate the role of these markers in identifying the risk of acute ischemic events and detecting vulnerable plaques.
- To classify emerging inflammatory markers based on their diagnostic, prognostic, and plaque instability evaluation capabilities in CAD.
Main Methods:
- Review and synthesis of recent studies investigating inflammatory biomarkers in CAD.
- Classification of emerging inflammatory markers based on their clinical application (diagnosis, prognosis, plaque instability).
- Identification of specific biomarkers such as lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1, amyloid A, fibrinogen, pentraxin 3, myeloperoxidase, myeloid-related protein 8/14, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, and circulating miRNAs.
Main Results:
- Emerging inflammatory markers offer improved risk assessment for CAD beyond traditional factors.
- Specific markers like lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 are crucial for both diagnosis and plaque instability evaluation.
- Acute-phase markers (amyloid A, fibrinogen, pentraxin 3) and plaque instability markers (myeloperoxidase, myeloid-related protein 8/14, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A) have been identified.
- Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) show involvement in CAD, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure.
Conclusions:
- Emerging inflammatory biomarkers are valuable tools for diagnosing and prognosing coronary artery disease.
- These markers enhance the identification of vulnerable plaques and the prediction of acute ischemic events.
- Further research into these biomarkers, including circulating miRNAs, holds significant promise for advancing cardiovascular medicine.
Abstract:
Coronary artery disease is an event of atherosclerosis characterized by a chronic vascular inflammation. Risk factors like obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia and positive family history sometimes are not sufficiently adequate to the enhancement of cardiovascular risk assessment. In the past years numerous biomarkers, like C reactive protein, cytokines and adhesion molecules, have been observed to be related to adverse cardiovascular prognosis. Recently, several studies found an association among inflammatory biomarkers and cardiovascular diseases suggesting their utility to identify the risk of an acute ischemic event and the detection of vulnerable plaques. The emerging inflammatory markers are well divided for diagnosis and prognosis and plaque instability of coronary artery disease. Some of them, the lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 can be important both in diagnosis and in the evaluation of plaque instability, other are inserted in the above reported classification. The emerging inflammatory markers in acute-phase include amyloid A, fibrinogen and pentraxin 3 while myeloperoxidase, myeloid-related protein 8/14 and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A are recognize markers of plaque instability. Lastly, some studies demonstrated that circulating miRNAs are involved in coronary artery disease, acute myocardial infarction and heart failure.
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