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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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The (not so) immortal strand hypothesis.

Cristian Tomasetti1, Ivana Bozic2

  • 1Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Stem Cell Research
|February 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The immortal DNA strand hypothesis suggests stem cells retain an "immortal" strand to prevent mutations. However, new research indicates DNA strands segregate randomly during stem cell replication, challenging this error-prevention mechanism.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The immortal DNA strand hypothesis proposes non-random DNA segregation during stem cell replication to maintain genomic stability.
  • This mechanism suggests an "immortal" strand is preferentially retained by stem cells, minimizing replication errors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the DNA segregation mechanism in stem cells.
  • To evaluate the validity of the immortal DNA strand hypothesis in human tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel methodology employing cancer sequencing data.
  • Estimated mutation accumulation rates in healthy stem cells from colon, blood, and head and neck tissues.

Main Results:

  • Mutation accumulation rates in stem cells were similar to those predicted without the immortal strand mechanism.
  • Evidence suggests that DNA strands are passed randomly during stem cell replication.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides evidence against the immortal DNA strand hypothesis.
  • Findings suggest random segregation of parental DNA during stem cell replication, offering new insights into DNA replication mechanisms.