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Related Concept Videos

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Diversity of Protists I01:15

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Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
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Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
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Genotyping of Sea Anemone during Early Development
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Do echinoderm genomes measure up?

R Andrew Cameron1, Parul Kudtarkar1, Susan M Gordon1

  • 1Division of Biology 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

Marine Genomics
|February 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Echinoderm genome sequences offer valuable insights into marine ecology and developmental biology. This study details the history and quality of echinoderm genomic data available on Echinobase.org.

Keywords:
DevelopmentEchinodermsEchinoidsGenomeSequence assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Echinoderms are crucial model organisms in biological research.
  • Genomic data aids in understanding molecular mechanisms of development.
  • High-quality sequence information is essential for robust scientific inquiry.

Observation:

  • The history of echinoderm genome sequencing and assembly is reviewed.
  • The quality of available echinoderm genomic data is assessed.
  • All discussed sequence information is accessible via Echinobase.org.

Findings:

  • A comprehensive overview of echinoderm genome sequencing efforts is presented.
  • The quality of assembled echinoderm genomes is detailed.
  • Echinobase.org serves as a central repository for this genomic data.

Implications:

  • Improved access to quality genomic data will advance echinoderm research.
  • Enhanced understanding of gene interactions in development is facilitated.
  • This resource supports diverse fields, including marine ecology and evolutionary biology.