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Related Experiment Video

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Recording Human Electrocorticographic ECoG Signals for Neuroscientific Research and Real-time Functional Cortical Mapping
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Invasive EEG explorations.

D Taussig1, A Montavont2, J Isnard3

  • 1Service de neurochirurgie pédiatrique, fondation Rothschild, 25-29, rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France.

Neurophysiologie Clinique = Clinical Neurophysiology
|February 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Wada test evaluates memory function before brain surgery. Different electrode types, including foramen ovale and SEEG, are used for intracranial EEG monitoring during the test.

Keywords:
AdulteAdultsChildrenChirurgie de l’épilepsieComplicationsElectrical stimulationsEnfantEpilepsy surgeryExploration sous-duraleExplorations invasivesForamen ovale electrodeIntracarotid amobarbital procedureInvasive explorationsStereo-electroencephalographyStimulations électriquesStéréo-électroencéphalographieSubdural explorationTest de WadaTest à l’amobarbital sodiqueWada testÉlectrode du foramen ovale

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neurology
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • The Wada test, established in 1964, remains crucial for assessing memory disorders post-mesial temporal lobectomy.
  • It involves temporary inactivation of one brain hemisphere via anesthetic injection during carotid catheterization to evaluate contralateral function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role and methodology of the Wada test in presurgical evaluation.
  • To compare different intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) electrode types used in conjunction with the Wada test.

Main Methods:

  • The study discusses the Wada test procedure involving carotid catheterization and anesthetic injection.
  • It details three common intracranial EEG electrode types: foramen ovale (FO) electrodes, subdural strip/grid electrodes, and stereotactically implanted depth electrodes (SEEG).
  • Each electrode type's insertion method, invasiveness, artifact levels, spatial resolution, and suitability for functional mapping are described.

Main Results:

  • Foramen ovale electrodes offer direct, comparative EEG recordings near the hippocampus, aiding seizure origin validation.
  • Subdural electrodes allow precise cortical mapping but are invasive and do not explore deep structures.
  • Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) is less invasive than subdural grids, records from deep structures, and is considered a gold standard for presurgical EEG, despite limited spatial sampling.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of electrode type depends on the specific goals of presurgical evaluation, balancing invasiveness with spatial coverage and functional mapping capabilities.
  • SEEG is highlighted as a preferred method for deep brain structure exploration in presurgical EEG.
  • The Wada test, supported by appropriate intracranial EEG monitoring, continues to be vital for prognostic memory evaluation.