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Related Concept Videos

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
183
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

152
Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
152
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

2.8K
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
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Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery

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Transdermal delivery of testosterone.

Jonathan Hadgraft1, Majella E Lane1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom.

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics : Official Journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik E.V
|February 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Transdermal testosterone replacement therapy, using gels or patches, treats male hypogonadism. Gels are popular but pose risks of secondary transfer to children, prompting a regulatory review.

Keywords:
FormulationHypogonadismPermeationSkinTestosteroneTransdermal

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacokinetics

Background:

  • Male hypogonadism treatment has evolved from injectable testosterone to transdermal formulations since the 1930s.
  • Transdermal testosterone delivery systems include patches, gels, and solutions, with gels becoming the dominant form.
  • Patient acceptability and non-occlusive application favor transdermal gels over patches for testosterone replacement therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review skin permeation of testosterone from transdermal formulations.
  • To examine pharmacokinetics of transdermal testosterone application.
  • To discuss currently available transdermal testosterone formulations and their market dominance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of transdermal testosterone formulations.
  • Analysis of skin permeation characteristics.
  • Pharmacokinetic data evaluation for transdermal testosterone products.

Main Results:

  • Transdermal gels are currently the leading formulation for testosterone replacement therapy.
  • Gels offer greater patient acceptability and non-occlusive application compared to transdermal patches.
  • Reported cases of secondary gel transfer to children have led to concerns regarding unintended effects like precocious puberty.

Conclusions:

  • Transdermal testosterone gels are widely used but carry a risk of secondary transfer, necessitating careful consideration.
  • Ongoing regulatory review of testosterone replacement therapies may influence future prescribing practices.
  • Balancing efficacy, safety, and patient preference is crucial in selecting transdermal testosterone formulations.