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Performance of an HRP-2 rapid diagnostic test in Nigerian children less than 5 years of age
Olufemi Ajumobi1, Kabir Sabitu2, Patrick Nguku2
1Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria; Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; National Malaria Control Programme, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria; African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda; Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Global Public Health Solutions, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Global Health Protection and Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia femiajumobi@gmail.com.
Abstract:
The diagnostic performance of histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP-2)-based malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was evaluated in a mesoendemic area for malaria, Kaduna, Nigeria. We compared RDT results with expert microscopy results of blood samples from 295 febrile children under 5 years. Overall, 11.9% (35/295) tested positive with RDT compared with 10.5% (31/295) by microscopy: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 100%, 98.5%, 88.6%, and 100%, respectively. The RDT sensitivity was not affected by transmission season, parasite density, and age. Specificity and positive PV decreased slightly during the high-transmission season (97.5% and 83.3%). The RDT test positivity rates in the low- and high-transmission seasons were 9.4% and 13.5%, respectively. Overall, the test performance of this RDT was satisfactory. The findings of a low proportion of RDT false positives, no invalid and no false-negative results should validate the performance of RDTs in this context.
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