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Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.

Introduction to Functional Groups

Introduction to Functional Groups

Functional groups are group of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups are found along the carbon backbone of macromolecules can form chains or rings of carbon atoms. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of common functional groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in...

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Coordination Number and Geometry

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

Sequential linker installation: precise placement of functional groups in multivariate metal-organic frameworks.

Shuai Yuan¹, Weigang Lu, Ying-Pin Chen

¹Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|February 26, 2015

Summary

A novel sequential linker installation (SLI) method precisely positions functional groups in multivariate metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). This technique enables controlled construction of complex MOFs for advanced applications.

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Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Multivariate metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer tunable properties but precise functionalization is challenging.
Existing methods often lack control over linker placement and functionality.
Developing strategies for site-specific functionalization is crucial for advanced MOF applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel strategy for constructing multivariate MOFs with precisely positioned functional groups.
To demonstrate the sequential installation of linkers with varying lengths and functionalities into a Zr-MOF.
To utilize single-crystal X-ray diffraction for pinpointing the exact locations of installed linkers.

Main Methods:

Development of sequential linker installation (SLI) strategy.
Design and synthesis of PCN-700, a zirconium-based MOF.
Ligand exchange reactions within the MOF structure.
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural analysis and confirmation.

Main Results:

Successfully demonstrated sequential linker installation (SLI) in PCN-700.
Showcased the ability to install linkers with distinct lengths and functionalities.
Achieved single-crystal to single-crystal transformations, precisely locating installed linkers.
Validated the SLI method for controlled MOF functionalization.

Conclusions:

Sequential linker installation (SLI) is a powerful tool for creating multivariate MOFs.
This method allows for precise positioning of functionalities within MOFs.
The developed strategy overcomes limitations in achieving site-specific functionalization in MOFs.