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Visual System

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

A Highly Reproducible and Straightforward Method to Perform In Vivo Ocular Enucleation in the Mouse after Eye Opening

A Highly Reproducible and Straightforward Method to Perform In Vivo Ocular Enucleation in the Mouse after Eye Opening

Published on: October 6, 2014

Layer-specific refinement of visual cortex function after eye opening in the awake mouse.

Jennifer L Hoy¹, Cristopher M Niell²

¹Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience

|February 27, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mouse visual cortex shows initial similar receptive fields across layers at eye opening. Over the first week, selectivity for orientation, direction, and spatial frequency matures in a layer-specific manner, impacting visual system development.

Keywords:

V1 development gain modulation mouse orientation selectivity receptive field

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Neuroscience
Visual System Development

Background:

Mouse visual cortex offers a model for visual system development.
Receptive field properties during development, especially layer-specific changes in awake animals, are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify receptive field properties and behavioral-state modulation across cortical layers during early development in awake mice.
To investigate layer-specific maturation of visual responses after eye opening.

Main Methods:

Multisite electrophysiological recordings in awake mice from eye opening onwards.
Measurement of receptive field properties including orientation, direction, and spatial frequency selectivity.
Analysis of behavioral-state modulation, specifically the effect of running on neural responses.

Main Results:

Similar orientation, direction, and spatial frequency selectivity observed across all cortical layers at eye opening.
Layer-specific maturation of selectivity occurs within the first week, with layers 2-4 showing robust development.
Distinct refinement patterns observed in layers 5 and 6.
Running-induced modulation of response gain shows layer-specific reorganization from early development to adulthood.

Conclusions:

Response selectivity is present in all primary visual cortex (V1) layers at eye opening in awake mice.
Early visual development involves layer-specific refinement of basic V1 function.
Behavioral state influences visual processing in a developmentally regulated, layer-specific manner.