The Nucleus Accumbens: A Comprehensive Review.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Neurosurgery
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key brain region involved in reward and motivated behaviors.
• Functional neurosurgery is exploring novel therapeutic targets beyond movement disorders and pain.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the critical biological, physiological, and anatomical knowledge of the NAc for developing novel therapies.
• To assess the potential of NAc-targeted surgical interventions for psychiatric and addiction disorders.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive review of existing literature on NAc pharmacology, physiology, and connectivity.
• Analysis of evidence for NAc surgical therapies in animal models.
• Examination of the surgical anatomy, imaging, and targeting relevant to NAc interventions.

Main Results:

• The NAc's complex biology and connectivity support its role in reward and addiction.
• Surgical targeting of the NAc shows potential in preclinical models for treating disorders like depression and drug addiction.
• Detailed understanding of NAc surgical anatomy is essential for precise therapeutic agent delivery.

Conclusions:

• The NAc represents a significant target for stereotactic neurosurgical interventions.
• Further research into NAc's biology and surgical approaches can advance therapeutic strategies and minimize complications.
• Focal modulation of the NAc holds promise for treating a range of neuropsychiatric disorders.