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Assistive device with conventional, alternative, and brain-computer interface inputs to enhance interaction with the
Francesca Schettini1, Angela Riccio2, Luca Simione3
1Neuroelectrical Imaging and BCI Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering Antonio Ruberti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Objective:
To evaluate the feasibility and usability of an assistive technology (AT) prototype designed to be operated with conventional/alternative input channels and a P300-based brain-computer interface (BCI) in order to provide users who have different degrees of muscular impairment resulting from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with communication and environmental control applications.
Design:
Proof-of-principle study with a convenience sample.
Setting:
An apartment-like space designed to be fully accessible by people with motor disabilities for occupational therapy, placed in a neurologic rehabilitation hospital.
Participants:
End-users with ALS (N=8; 5 men, 3 women; mean age ± SD, 60 ± 12 y) recruited by a clinical team from an ALS center.
Interventions:
Three experimental conditions based on (1) a widely validated P300-based BCI alone; (2) the AT prototype operated by a conventional/alternative input device tailored to the specific end-user's residual motor abilities; and (3) the AT prototype accessed by a P300-based BCI. These 3 conditions were presented to all participants in 3 different sessions.
Main Outcome Measures:
System usability was evaluated in terms of effectiveness (accuracy), efficiency (written symbol rate, time for correct selection, workload), and end-user satisfaction (overall satisfaction) domains. A comparison of the data collected in the 3 conditions was performed.
Results:
Effectiveness and end-user satisfaction did not significantly differ among the 3 experimental conditions. Condition III was less efficient than condition II as expressed by the longer time for correct selection.
Conclusions:
A BCI can be used as an input channel to access an AT by persons with ALS, with no significant reduction of usability.
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