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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Hearing disorders in multiple sclerosis.

Miriam Furst1, Robert A Levine2

  • 1School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|March 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Auditory tests detecting precise neural timing are consistently abnormal in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with pontine lesions. A high-frequency timing test may help monitor MS neurodegeneration.

Keywords:
binaural discrimination testbinaural performancesbrainstem auditory evoked responsebrainstem auditory pathwayinteraural level discriminationinteraural time discriminationlateralization testmagnetic resonance imagingmultiple sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease with both inflammatory and neurodegenerative components affecting the central nervous system.
  • Auditory pathways, including the brainstem, can be impaired by MS lesions, impacting sound processing.
  • While auditory complaints are less common than visual or proprioceptive issues in MS, auditory function tests reveal specific deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between focal MS lesions in the pontine auditory pathway and auditory function.
  • To determine if auditory tests requiring precise neural timing can detect MS-related brainstem abnormalities.
  • To explore the potential of a specific auditory timing test as a marker for the chronic neurodegenerative aspect of MS.

Main Methods:

  • Auditory tests assessing precise neural timing and sound localization were administered to MS patients.
  • Focal MS lesions were identified using neuroimaging, specifically focusing on the pontine auditory pathway.
  • Comparison of results between auditory tests sensitive to timing versus loudness deficits.

Main Results:

  • Auditory tests requiring precise neural timing were consistently abnormal in MS patients with pontine lesions.
  • Auditory functions not dependent on precise timing were often normal.
  • A high-frequency timing test showed abnormalities even without detectable pontine lesions, suggesting a role in monitoring neurodegeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Precise neural timing deficits in auditory tests are sensitive indicators of MS lesions in the pontine auditory pathway.
  • Auditory timing tests, particularly those using high-frequency sounds, may serve as a valuable tool for monitoring the chronic neurodegenerative progression of MS.
  • Understanding brainstem auditory processing in MS advances knowledge of binaural sound processing in the human brain.