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Exon Recombination

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...

RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

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Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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Genome Copying Errors

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DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs

Published on: March 10, 2020

Exon Skipping Is Correlated with Exon Circularization.

Steven Kelly¹, Chris Greenman², Peter R Cook³

¹Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB Oxford, UK.

Journal of Molecular Biology

|March 3, 2015

Summary

Circular RNAs, which perform various functions, are widespread in organisms. This study reveals that circularization of coding exons is linked to exon skipping, increasing the complexity of the human transcriptome.

Keywords:

alternative splicing circRNA cotranscriptional turnover

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Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

Published on: November 14, 2019

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Last Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs

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Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

Published on: November 14, 2019

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genomics
Transcriptomics

Background:

Circular RNAs are prevalent across organisms and are thought to have diverse functions.
The relationship between RNA circularization and alternative splicing is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the connection between circular RNA formation and alternative splicing.
To characterize circular RNAs derived from coding exons in human cells.

Main Methods:

Primary human endothelial cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor α or tumor growth factor β.
RNA was purified, and over 2.4 billion RNA-sequencing reads were generated.
A custom bioinformatics pipeline was used to identify and analyze circular RNAs.

Main Results:

Circularization of coding exons was found to be a widespread phenomenon.
Exon circularization significantly correlated with exon skipping events.
This finding highlights a novel layer of regulatory complexity in the human transcriptome.

Conclusions:

RNA circularization is intricately linked with alternative splicing mechanisms, specifically exon skipping.
The study provides new insights into the regulatory roles of circular RNAs in gene expression.