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A Standardized Pig to Macaque Heterotopic Heart Xenotransplantation Model
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The case for xenotransplantation.

David K C Cooper1

  • 1Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Clinical Transplantation
|March 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Xenotransplantation using genetically engineered pig organs offers a solution to the organ shortage. Despite promising results in animal models, research funding remains insufficient, hindering progress.

Keywords:
corneaislets, pancreaticorganspigxenotransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Transplantation immunology
  • Genetically engineered animals
  • Organ replacement therapies

Background:

  • The global demand for transplantable organs and cells significantly exceeds the available supply from deceased human donors.
  • Living donor altruism, while increasing transplant numbers, carries inherent risks of morbidity and mortality for the donor, challenging the Hippocratic Oath's principle of 'do no harm.'

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the potential of xenotransplantation, particularly using genetically engineered pigs, as a viable solution to the organ shortage.
  • To investigate the reasons behind the underfunding of xenotransplantation research by industry, government, and charitable foundations.
  • To advocate for increased support for xenotransplantation research as a critical alternative to address the limitations of human organ donation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent xenotransplantation studies involving genetically engineered pigs.
  • Analysis of funding trends and perceived barriers in xenotransplantation research.
  • Comparison of xenotransplantation with current organ donation practices and their associated risks.

Main Results:

  • Successful xenotransplantation of pig islets into diabetic monkeys has maintained normoglycemia and insulin independence for over one year.
  • Pig heterotopic heart transplantation in baboons has achieved a one-year survival milestone.
  • Despite these successes, xenotransplantation research receives limited support from industry, government, and foundations, partly due to long development timelines and distraction by stem cell research.

Conclusions:

  • Xenotransplantation holds significant promise for overcoming the organ deficit, as evidenced by successful preclinical studies.
  • Underfunding and lack of support from key sectors are major impediments to advancing xenotransplantation towards clinical application.
  • Increased investment and focus on xenotransplantation are crucial to develop a sustainable solution for organ and cell transplantation, thereby reducing reliance on risky living donor procedures.