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Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Occlusion of the Great and Small Saphenous Vein Using Copolymeric Glue Based on N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate and Methacryloxy Sulfolane
Published on: December 9, 2022
Progression in venous pathology.
Chronic venous disease progresses rapidly, with over half of patients showing advancement within 13 years. Varicose vein progression to venous leg ulcers is a significant concern, requiring further research for early intervention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology of vascular diseases
- Venous pathophysiology
- Chronic venous insufficiency
Background:
- Varicose veins are a common condition with potential for progression.
- Progression can lead to chronic venous insufficiency and venous leg ulcers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review epidemiologic data on the progression of venous pathology.
- To understand the progression from varicose veins to chronic venous insufficiency.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of epidemiologic studies.
- Searched Medline and PubMed databases for relevant literature.
Main Results:
- Reflux progression occurs from segmental to multisegmental superficial reflux.
- Older age is associated with more saphenous reflux and proximal involvement.
- Significant risk factors for progression to venous leg ulcers include skin changes, BMI, and popliteal vein reflux.
- Over 13 years, 57.8% of chronic venous disease patients showed disease progression.
Conclusions:
- Chronic venous disease exhibits a high rate of progression.
- Further follow-up studies are needed to assess the risk of venous leg ulcer development.
- Identifying patients who benefit from early varicose vein interventions requires more research.
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Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...