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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Laboratory Protocol for Genetic Gut Content Analyses of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Using Group-specific rDNA Primers

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Polymorphic microsatellite loci for the razor clam, Sinonovacula constricta.

H-T Ma¹, H-B Jiang¹, X-Q Liu²

¹Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, China.

Genetics and Molecular Research : GMR

|March 3, 2015

Summary

Twelve new microsatellite markers were developed for the razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta), a commercially important bivalve. These genetic markers show high polymorphism and are valuable for future population genetics research.

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Area of Science:

Marine biology
Genetics
Aquaculture

Background:

The razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) is a significant commercial bivalve and a popular seafood in China.
Effective genetic tools are crucial for understanding and managing valuable aquaculture species.

Purpose of the Study:

To isolate and characterize polymorphic microsatellite markers for the razor clam.
To assess the utility of these markers for genetic studies in Sinonovacula constricta populations.

Main Methods:

A partial genomic library enriched for (CA)16 and (GA)16 tandem repeats was used to isolate microsatellite markers.
Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified and evaluated in a wild population of 30 razor clams.
Microsatellite allele number, heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content were analyzed.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium were statistically assessed.

Main Results:

Twelve polymorphic microsatellite markers were successfully isolated from Sinonovacula constricta.
The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5-15 (average 9.333).
Observed and expected heterozygosity values varied from 0.192-1.000 and 0.219-0.906, respectively.
Polymorphism information content averaged 0.704.
Three loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, but no significant linkage disequilibrium was found.

Conclusions:

The developed set of 12 microsatellite markers are highly polymorphic and suitable for genetic studies.
These markers will facilitate research on population genetics, stock assessment, and conservation of the razor clam.