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Habitual prospective memory in HIV disease.

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Individuals with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) struggle with habitual prospective memory (PM), impacting daily health management. This deficit is linked to poorer real-world functioning and medication adherence in HIV+ individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) often involve prospective memory (PM) deficits.
  • Previous research primarily used single-event PM tasks, not habitual paradigms relevant to routine health behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate habitual PM and its association with real-world functioning in individuals with and without HAND.
  • To compare habitual PM performance across HIV-positive (HAND+ and HAND-) and HIV-negative groups.

Main Methods:

  • Habitual PM was assessed using a task requiring participants to press a spacebar once per 1-minute block after 20 seconds.
  • Participants included 36 HIV+ with HAND, 70 HIV+ without HAND, and 115 HIV- individuals.
  • An ongoing Stroop task with varying cognitive load served as the background activity.

Main Results:

  • The HAND+ group exhibited significantly more habitual PM errors than HIV-negative and HAND- groups.
  • No significant effect of ongoing task demands or interaction with HAND group was observed.
  • Poorer habitual PM in HIV+ individuals correlated with learning deficits and real-world functional impairments, including medication nonadherence.

Conclusions:

  • HAND is associated with impaired habitual PM, potentially due to deficient internal source monitoring or temporal discrimination.
  • Habitual PM deficits play a critical role in real-world functioning, including essential HIV disease management.