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Published on: May 30, 2025
Advances in pharmacotherapy for treating female sexual dysfunction
Rossella E Nappi1, Laura Cucinella
1University of Pavia, Research Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Gynecological Endocrinology and Menopause, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS S. Matteo Foundation, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo , Piazzale Golgi 2, 27100 Pavia , Italy +39 0382 501561 ; +39 0382 423233 ; renappi@tin.it.
Current pharmacotherapy for female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is limited, with no approved treatments available. Research focuses on hormone therapies and psychoactive agents, considering the biopsychosocial model for women of all ages.
Area of Science:
- Sexual Medicine
- Pharmacotherapy
- Women's Health
Background:
- Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) encompasses diverse conditions like low desire, arousal issues, pain, andorgasm difficulties.
- These conditions are complex, influenced by psychological and contextual factors alongside organic elements.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent pharmacotherapy advancements for FSD within a biopsychosocial framework.
- To evaluate the efficacy and safety of various treatments for postmenopausal and premenopausal women.
Main Methods:
- Discussion of hormone therapies (estrogens, testosterone, tibolone, DHEA) for FSIAD and genito-pelvic pain.
- Review of ospemifene for menopausal dyspareunia.
- Analysis of psychoactive agents for FSIAD in premenopausal women, including combined hormonal and non-hormonal options.
Main Results:
- Hormone therapies show potential for specific FSD components in postmenopausal women.
- Ospemifene is approved for dyspareunia in menopause.
- Investigational treatments for premenopausal FSIAD include on-demand hormonal and non-hormonal agents.
Conclusions:
- There is currently no FDA-approved pharmacotherapy specifically for FSD.
- The development of effective and safe treatments requires balancing benefits and risks.
- Continued research is essential to address the unmet needs in female sexual medicine.
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