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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Cadherins01:25

Structure of Cadherins

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The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This...
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Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
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Catenins

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Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
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Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules
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Nuclear signaling from cadherin adhesion complexes.

Pierre D McCrea1, Meghan T Maher2, Cara J Gottardi3

  • 1Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Program in Genes & Development, Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|March 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Cadherins, crucial for cell adhesion, also signal to the nucleus, influencing gene expression and nuclear function. This review explores how cadherin complexes coordinate cell-cell contact with genetic control.

Keywords:
Atypical cadherinsDesmosomal cadherinsHippo signalingOutside-in signalingProtocadherinsRTK signalingWnt signaling

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Multicellularity evolved with cell-cell signaling and adhesion.
  • Cadherins mediate "outside-in" and "inside-out" signals via ectodomain interactions.
  • This review focuses on cadherin signals directed inward to the nucleus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review nuclear-directed signaling by cadherin complexes.
  • To explore the coordination of cell adhesion with gene expression.
  • To discuss cadherin roles in gene control and nuclear structure.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cadherin signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of cadherin complex variations (classical vs. other members).
  • Examination of evidence for nuclear localization of cadherin-binding partners.

Main Results:

  • Cadherin complexes vary, influencing their signaling roles.
  • Cadherin binding partners (e.g., catenins) can localize to the nucleus.
  • Cadherins can act as competitors in nuclear signaling pathways.
  • Cadherins impact multiple signaling pathways (Wnt, RTK, Hippo, NFκB, JAK/STAT).

Conclusions:

  • Cadherin-mediated nuclear signaling is integral to gene control.
  • Cell-cell adhesion states are linked to nuclear events and gene expression.
  • Cadherins play multifaceted roles in development and tissue homeostasis via nuclear signaling.